Charting Churchill: James J. Fox Cigar Merchant, 19 St. James’s Street, London

James J. Fox Cigar Merchant, 19 St. James’s Street, London 2014

During his early twenties, Winston Churchill set about defining the man he would become. He quickly discovered that he thrilled to the call of battle, and he sought opportunities to get involved as an officer and as a journalist. His search for action took him to Bangalore, India with the Fourth Queen’s Own Hussars, to India’s NW Frontier with the Malakand Field Force, and to Sudan with the 21st Lancers. As a warrior and as a reporter, he did not hesitate to put himself in harm’s way. In October 1899, he headed to South Africa as a war correspondent; there he was captured by the Boers and then escaped from Pretoria.

These exploits involved a great deal of travel. Winston was always eager to set off, in spite of the rigors and perils of world travel at the turn of the last century. His first trans-Atlantic trip took him to New York in 1895 where he met Bourke Cockran who would become his mentor. He then set sailed for Cuba to report on the fighting between the Spanish and the Cubans

Winston had started smoking as an adolescent and loved cigars. While in Cuba, he arranged to acquire a great number of Havana cigars. Of course, cigars became his trademark. Throughout his life he particularly enjoyed a Havana cigar called Romeo y Julieta. Barry Singer in his book Churchill Style (2012) reveals that Winston made his first cigar purchase under his own name in 1900 at Robert Lewis Tobacconist, 81 St. James’s Street, London. In 1992, this business was acquired by James J. Fox and relocated to 19 St. James’s Street, seen above.

It appears that by 1900 Winston Churchill had defined himself as an intrepid world traveler, an army officer who demonstrated great courage under fire, a journalist who could make a living by his pen, and a man with unique personal style. He achieved celebrity status after his escape from Pretoria and understood the importance of personal charisma. Winston was becoming Churchill.

The image featured above is part of the limited edition collector’s portfolio created by Leslie Hossack to mark the 50th anniversary of the death of Sir Winston Churchill. She presents locations that chart Churchill’s personal and political life, from his birth at Blenheim Palace in 1874 until his death in London in 1965. THE CHURCHILL PHOTOGRAPHS are part of Hossack’s larger body of work that explores Nazi architecture in Berlin, Stalinist structures in Moscow, contested sites in Jerusalem, a Cold War bunker in Ottawa, NATO’s Headquarter Camp in Kosovo, and buildings linked to the Japanese Canadian internment during World War II.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Hatchard’s Bookseller, Piccadilly, London

Hatchard’s Bookseller, 187 Piccadilly, London 2014

Beginning in 1896, while serving as a cavalry officer in Bangalore, India, Winston Churchill embarked on an ambitious program of self-education. He ordered books from London on many subjects: literature, history, politics, philosophy, and even science. At the age of 22, he was defining himself as a self-directed, life-long learner. He had an inquiring mind and took a disciplined approach to his personal studies. His later skills as a writer and orator were significantly informed by his prodigious reading and legendary memory.

Throughout his life, Churchill patronized several London booksellers including E. Joseph, James Bain, and Hatchard’s seen above. The author of The Bibliography of the Works of Sir Winston Churchill (2006), Ronald I. Cohen, MBE, is the President of the Sir Winston Society of Ottawa. He very kindly shared these notes re Hatchard’s. “Churchill was a customer for many years. Hatchard’s General Manager, Arthur Humphreys, published two of Churchill’s books, Mr. Brodrick’s Army (1903) and For Free Trade (1906), two of the greatest rarities in the Churchill canon. Humphreys worked with Hatchard’s from 1881 to 1923, and was a part-owner from 1891 on. Churchill occasionally purchased books from many other booksellers, including Maggs Bros., then in the Strand (now at 50 Berkeley Square), and Sotheran’s, then also in the Strand (now at 2-5 Sackville St., in the Piccadilly area).”

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Stable Court, Blenheim Palace

Stable Court, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock 2014

In 1895, the year he celebrated his twenty-first birthday, Winston Churchill completed his training as a cavalry cadet at Sandhurst, buried his father, was commissioned as an officer in the 4th Queen’s Own Hussars, buried his nanny, made his first trip overseas to the United States and Cuba, was posted to India, and fell in love. Winston had embarked upon a series of undertakings and exploits that would define the rest of his life.

Many of Churchill’s decisions were influenced by his love of horses, a love that began when he was a very young child. He first learned to ride while visiting with his grandparents at Blenheim Palace whose Stable Court is pictured above. Later, in his book My Early Life, Churchill described the cavalry training he underwent as a Recruit Officer after leaving Sandhurst: disciplined, demanding drill in the Riding-School, at the Stables and on the Barrack Square.

In the fall of 1896, Second Lieutenant Winston Churchill was posted to India. By now he had discovered his love for polo which he indulged in Bangalore and went on to play for decades. Later in his life, Churchill turned his interest to thoroughbred horses which he bred, bought, sold and raced. But of all his adventures connected with horses, perhaps the most dramatic was his participation in the charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman in Sudan, in September 1898. It has since been styled as the last great cavalry charge in history, and when he took part in it, Winston Churchill was only 23 years old.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Saint Martin’s Churchyard, Bladon

Churchill Family Plot, Saint Martin’s Churchyard, Bladon 2014

While a cadet at the Royal Military College Sandhurst, Winston Churchill was called to London in June 1894 to say goodbye to his father who was departing on a trip. Lord Randolph Churchill was in declining health and Winston later wrote that this was the last time he saw his father “except as a swiftly fading shadow.” Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill, who died in London on January 24th, 1895 when Winston was twenty years old, cast a long shadow in life and death. Winston’s own son later wrote that “if Lord Randolph had lived, even in better health, he would have been an obstacle to Winston’s career and prospects” but now “he was free to leave the nest and soar.”

Winston’s relationship with his father was complex and conflicted. He craved his father’s affection and approval, but Lord Randolph remained absent physically and distant emotionally. Lord Randolph was briefly Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons, but quickly fell from office. Winston continued to idolize his father, but his father could be harsh. For example, Lord Randolph sent a devastating letter to his son upon learning that he had passed into Sandhurst, but with low marks that relegated him to the cavalry not the infantry. Lord Randolph wrote: “I no longer attach the slightest weight to anything you may say about your own accomplishments & exploits.”

The Churchill family plot pictured above reveals Winston’s father still towering over him. The tall cross to the right is Lord Randolph’s marker, and the cross lying flat in the middle marks Winston’s mother, Jennie Jerome. The graves of Sir Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine, are jointly marked by one low stone lying beyond Jennie’s grave.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Old College, Royal Military College, Sandhurst

Portico, Old College, Royal Military College, Sandhurst 2014

On September 1st 1893, at the age of eighteen, Winston Churchill entered the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. Having failed on two occasions to pass the Sandhurst entrance examination, Winston had left Harrow School to study with the help of a crammer and passed the exam on his third attempt. In My Early Years, Churchill wrote: “At Sandhurst I had a new start. I was no longer handicapped by past neglect of Latin, French or Mathematics. We now had to learn fresh things and we all started equal. Tactics, Fortifications, Topography (mapmaking), Military Law and Military Administration formed the whole curriculum. In addition were Drill, Gymnastics and Riding.”

Winston thoroughly enjoyed his three terms as a gentleman cadet at Sandhurst, and he made several lasting friendships there. He was eager to participate in his military education, and he particularly enjoyed training at the riding-school.

The building above was completed in 1812. Located inside this massive structure is the cadet dining room where Winston Churchill took his meals. Another room in the Old College building is the Marlborough Room, named after John Churchill, the 1st Duke of Marlborough. He is regarded as one of Britain’s greatest soldiers. In recognition of his victories in Europe in the early 1700s, he was given Blenheim Palace where Winston Churchill was born.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: The Early Years, 1874 – 1892

Part 1, The Early Years, 1874 – 1892

On November 30th 2014, Sir Winston Churchill’s 140th birthday, Haute Vitrine started publishing images from the series THE CHURCHILL PHOTOGRAPHS by Leslie Hossack.

Yesterday’s post marked the end of Part 1, The Early Years, 1874 – 1892. During this time, Sir Winston Churchill’s boyhood at Blenheim Palace and schooldays at Harrow shaped the adult he would become. Photographs featured in Part 1, The Early Years can be reviewed below.

Leslie Hossack’s CHARTING CHURCHILL will continue into January 2015, the month that marks the 50th anniversary of the death of Sir Winston Churchill.

Sir Winston Churchill’s Birth Room, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, 2014

29 St. James’s Place, London 2014

South Facade, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock 2014

Riding School, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock 2014

River Glyme, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock 2014

Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill, 2014

Head Master’s, Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill 2014

Speech Room, Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill 2014

Back Garden Wall, 2 Connaught Place, London 2014

The images featured above are part of the limited edition collector’s portfolio created by Leslie Hossack to mark the 50th anniversary of the death of Sir Winston Churchill. She presents locations that chart Churchill’s personal and political life, from his birth at Blenheim Palace in 1874 until his death in London in 1965. To find out how these images are linked to Churchill, please see the previous posts here on Haute Vitrine.

THE CHURCHILL PHOTOGRAPHS are part of Hossack’s larger body of work that explores Nazi architecture in Berlin, Stalinist structures in Moscow, contested sites in Jerusalem, a Cold War bunker in Ottawa, NATO’s Headquarter Camp in Kosovo, and buildings linked to the Japanese Canadian internment during World War II.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: 2 Connaught Place, London

2 Connaught Place, London 2014

In 1882, at the age of eight, Winston and his younger brother Jack moved with their parents, Lord & Lady Randolph Churchill, to a townhouse at 2 Connaught Place in London. This was to be their family home for ten years. It backed onto Hyde Park, and this photograph shows the rear of those townhouses today. Winston, Jack and their nanny, Mrs. Everest, were ensconced on the top floor and would have looked out over the back garden and wall onto Hyde Park. Winston enjoyed this house, and later wrote to his mother: “I look back with regret to the old days at Connaught Place when fortune smiled.”

While at Connaught Place, Winston’s collection of toy soldiers grew to nearly 1500. In My Early Life, he describes an event that took place while playing with the soldiers. “The day came when my father himself paid a formal visit of inspection. All the troops were arranged in the correct formation of attack. He spent twenty minutes studying the scene – which was really impressive – with a keen eye and captivating smile. At the end he asked me if I would like to go into the Army. I thought it would be splendid to command an Army, so I said ‘Yes’ at once: and immediately I was taken at my word… the toy soldiers turned the current of my life. Henceforward all my education was directed to passing into Sandhurst, and afterwards to the technical details of the profession of arms.”

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Speech Room at Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill

Speech Room, Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill 2014

Winston Churchill left Harrow School in December 1892. While there, he displayed evidence of the attributes and interests that would shape him as an adult. He loved reading history and particularly enjoyed lessons about battles; he studied the English language extensively and developed an enduring passion for words; he sought opportunities to learn about the army and the military.

The Speech Room shown above was completed in 1877. Here Winston would have attended school assemblies, plays, concerts, debates and lectures. He particularly enjoyed presentations by special guests. He was very excited about a lecture by Colonel Gouraud who demonstrated a new invention called the phonograph. Churchill remained intellectually curious about both military and communication technology throughout his life.

The photograph featured here shows the Speech Room in the process of being set up as an Elizabethan theatre. A Shakespearean play has been produced at Harrow almost every year since 1941. Winston developed an abiding interest in Shakespeare as a schoolboy and he frequently quoted from his work later in life.

Another annual event in the Speech Room is a concert called the Churchill Songs. The first one occurred in 1940 when Prime Minister Winston Churchill returned to hear the Harrow Songs that he loved. With the exception of four occasions, Churchill attended this event every year for the rest of his life. Harrow School was indeed his Alma Mater.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Head Master’s House, Harrow School

Head Master’s House, Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill 2014

In 1888, Winston Spencer-Churchill, age 13, entered Harrow School where he studied until 1892, leaving at the age of 18. He won prizes for history, for reciting 1200 lines of poetry, and for a poem he wrote; he took part in debates and joined the Rifle Corps; he competed in swim meets and won the Public Schools’ Fencing Championship; he tobogganed and skated on the lake; he rode his bicycle, collected stamps and shot rounds on the rifle range; he took part in mock battles and signed up for drawing lessons; he played the cello and enjoyed singing; he was reported at various times for unpunctuality, slovenliness, cutting school, disobedience and impertinence; he suffered several illnesses and missed his parents; he collected autographs and sold his own parents’ autographs; he attended lectures by many famous visitors; he took the special Army Class for boys intending to go on to Woolwich or Sandhurst; and in his final term, beginning in September 1892, Winston shared his room at Harrow with his brother Jack.

The photograph above shows the Head Master’s House, one of many at Harrow. Pupils board in one of the houses and it becomes the focus of their school life. Winston was first assigned to Garlands House and then moved to Head Master’s House in May 1889.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com

Charting Churchill: Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill

Harrow School, Harrow on the Hill, 2014

Before entering Harrow, Winston Churchill attended two other schools. Just before his eighth birthday, in November 1882, Winston’s parents sent him off to St. George’s School in Ascot. Here flogging with the birch was common. In his book My Early Years, Churchill wrote: “How I hated this school, and what a life of anxiety I lived there for more than two years.”

In 1884, Winston was enrolled in the Misses Thomson’s School in Sussex. Of that experience he wrote: “At this school I was allowed to learn things which interested me: French, History, lots of Poetry by heart, and above all Riding and Swimming. The impression of those years makes a pleasant picture in my mind, in strong contrast to my earlier schoolday memories.”

On April 17th 1888, after a traumatic struggle with the entrance examination, Winston was registered at Harrow as Winston Spencer-Churchill. He was now 13 years old and he matured greatly during his years at Harrow. However, he continued to crave the company, attention and approval of his parents. Winston’s father, Lord Randolph, had attended Eton like generations of Marlborough men before him, and he made little effort to visit his son at Harrow.

The photograph above shows the original 1615 Form Room (now known as the Fourth Form Room) on the left, and the 1820 Speech Room addition on the right. Upon leaving the school, students traditionally carve their names on the form room wall, and one of the surviving names is Winston Churchill.

To view more photographs, please visit Leslie’s website. lesliehossack.com